The flashlight frog (Scientific name: Rana lucernae) is a small bioluminescent frog, approximately 3-6 inches long, that lives in Cameroon, Africa. It was first mentioned by Karl Shuker, one of the thirteen founders of cryptozoology, in his 1997 book From Flying Toads to Snakes with Wings. It has a horn on the tip of its snout that emits a red or orange light that attracts insects. It also has a yellow, spiky tongue that is covered in deadly saliva.
Bioluminescence occurs in some lizards, but only in one known group of frogs, the green-boned glass frogs in South America. There are many natural wonders in the animal kingdom, perhaps none so unusual as the Glass Frog. This tiny frog gets its name because of the translucent skin on its underside (and in some species the top as well) that allows you to see its internal organs, right down to its beating heart, the glass frogs, or centrolenids, are wide-skulled, long-limbed arboreal little frogs of Central and South American cloud and rain forests. Most lay eggs on vegetation overhanging water, or on rocks above the water surface. Their eyes are set on the tops of their heads, they have adhesive disks on their digit tips, and – while they are generally greenish on their dorsal surface – they derive their common name from the fact that they lack pigment on their ventral surface, meaning that their undersides are essentially transparent. Even stranger, most species have green bones. Their terminal phalanges are T-shaped (this is also the case in a few other neobatrachian groups, like poison-arrow frogs), the males of some species possess spines on their upper arms (these are used in territorial combat), and the two uniquely elongate ankle bones that characterize anurans (the tibiale and fibulare) are fused into a single element.